Broad Objective of the Perspective Plan
The goal of any Perspective Plan is to guide towards achievement of a better quality of human life for the urban population as well as the population residing in adjoining hinterland subject to resource constraints. Quality of human life is a derivative of several complex functions, therefore, a set of desired objectives need to be formulated for accomplishment of the broad goal.
Urban Development Strategies already outlined in the Tenth Plan stresses on improved quality of life in urban areas with particular focus on the poor and other under-privileged section of the population. It also stresses towards meeting these ends within an environmentally sustainable framework.
This planning initiative will endeavor to provide a sustainable and operational framework for suitable strategies, policies, and priorities for resource planning to achieve the desired objective of socio-economic and physical development of the people through enhancement of quality of life by providing equal access to improved social and physical infrastructure and proper planning and management of the development process by ensuring proper conservation of environment heritage and culture.
In this context, the broad objectives of the Perspective Plan are to:
· Promote economic growth in the Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban Complex and its influence region through optimal resource allocation and appropriate infrastructure development with particular stress on
§ Labor intensive development for employment eneration
§ Development with maximum forward and backward linkages in the region for trickling down of the benefits to the population of the region
· Reduce distributive ill-effects in the Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban Complex and its influence region with particular attention to
§ Disparity in access to physical and social infrastructure within urban area and between urban and rural areas
§ Wage disparity and duality between formal - informal sector employment and rural - urban employment
§ Improvement in quality of life of the urban/rural poor, socially disadvantaged population, and elderly and disabled population
· Achieve these ends within environmentally sustainable planning/activity framework
On the other hand, the Comprehensive Development Plan will help translate the envisaged broad objectives outlined in the Perspective plan.
Approach to the Perspective Plan
As per the Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) guidelines, a Perspective Plan is a written document supported by illustrations and maps, containing spatio-economic development policies, strategies and general programmes of the local authority. Being a long term plan, the basic purpose of the Perspective plan is to provide a policy framework for further detailing and it serves as a guide for urban local authority in preparation of the development plan.
The planning approach intends to concentrate on the Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban Complex and its adjoining hinterland, the neighboring urban areas and their influence zones. These urban systems will have significant repercussions on the development prospect of this region either as competitive or complimentary urban systems. The approach to Perspective Plan preparation aims to start from viewing the entire urban system from different perspectives indicated following.
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Economic Perspective
- Sectoral income composition of the urban economy and its influence region
- Sectoral investment pattern in the region
- The factors of production, the process of production, composition of the produce, forward and backward linkages, resource availability / constraints, infrastructure bottlenecks, and future growth prospects and trends
- Urban employment, sectoral employment composition (formal and informal segment), wage differential between rural-urban and formal-informal employment (issues of dualism), per-capita income and its distribution in the urban area and in the hinterland, future growth prospects and trends
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Demographic Perspective
Demographic perspective will highlight on the following aspects.
- Population base in the urban area and its influence region, growth rate of its pattern, migration tendencies and its nature.
- Existing sex-ratio pattern, fertility, child mortality, life expectancy and average age, morbidity pattern and their future trends
- Linguistics, place of origin, religion, and social groups
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Housing Perspective
Housing perspective will emphasize on the following aspects.
- Existing housing stock for various socio-economic strata (distribution of per-capita dwelling area, serviced / non-serviced land, housing stock value, slum settlements)
- Existing housing demand and supply aspects product diversification, market value and rent, causal factors, affordability issues, housing programmes, implementation mechanism etc.
- Future housing needs
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Provision of urban infrastructure
Provision of urban infrastructure has been broadly classified under two categories urban social infrastructure and urban physical infrastructure.
Urban Social infrastructure
Provision of urban social infrastructure will mainly focus on the following components
- Health
- Hierarchy of existing health facilities, access to health facilities by various socio-income groups, spatial distribution of facilities (intra-urban or urban-rural disparity issues), present level of service, resource constraints (human, institutional, physical)
- Future needs
- Education
- Hierarchy of existing educational facilities (primary level, secondary level, higher secondary level, college level, university level, vocational training etc.), access to educational facilities by various socio-income groups, spatial distribution of facilities (intra-urban or urban-rural disparity issues), present level of service, resource constraints (human, institutional, physical)
- Future needs
- Other public services
- Postal services, fire station, police station, recreational facilities, spatial distribution of these public services and level of service
- Future needs
Urban Physical infrastructure
Provision of urban physical infrastructure will mainly focus on the following components
- Transportation
- Urban and regional transportation linkages (rail and road), level of accessibility, existing traffic volume and its classification, network capacity, level of service, modal share of passenger and goods movement, transit characteristics (mass transit, para-transit and private mode), parking characteristics, traffic accidents and environmental impact
- Future needs
- Water supply
- Source of water and potential water resources, water requirement and its composition, water quality, treatment, distribution network, level of service, level of access by various socio-economic groups
- Future needs
- Sanitation and Drainage
- Existing sewerage system, level of service, level of access by various socio-economic groups, environmental impact
- Rainfall data, drainage basin, existing drainage pattern and network, level of service, environmental impact
-Future needs
- Solid Waste Management
- Solid waste generation characteristics, collection systems, transfer and transportation, treatment and disposal methods, level of service, access to solid waste management services by various socio-economic groups, environmental impact
- Future needs
- Power
- Source of power, power requirement composition (domestic, commercial, and industrial), power tariff, existing distribution network, level of service, distribution of power consumption by various socio-economic groups
- Future needs
- Telecommunication
- Type and level of connectivity, service providers and market share, broad-ban connectivity, level of service, level of connectivity by various socio-economic groups
- Future needs
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Environmental Perspective
- Impact assessment of urban activities on environment in urban areas and its influence region, i.e. (degradation of air quality, sub-surface and surface water quality, noise pollution etc)
- Visual environment, landscape planning issues urban/regional
- Urban and regional disaster and its mitigation
- Future risk assessment
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Heritage and cultural perspective
- Historical sites and cultural venues
- Architectural and urban conservation issues
- Tourism aspects, mapping of potential unexplored areas
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Political and Institutional perspective
- Structure of urban and metropolitan governance and decision making
- Urban and metropolitan management institutions, urban administration, investment in urban infrastructure building and management, resource mobilization, fiscal performance, statutory and legislative framework, community participation
Analyzing the urban system in this way will help to appraise the functioning of each sub-system, present performance, future trends, identification of available and potential resources along with constraints, and inter-relationships between the sub-systems.
The idea of Perspective Plan preparation revolves around the idea of optimum allocation of available and potential resources to enhance the quality of human life in the urban areas and its influence region. Optimum allocation and effective utilization of resources can be only met with adequate and appropriate provision of infrastructure.
Therefore, the entire exercise of the Perspective Plan preparation will primarily concentrate on formulating long-term strategies which will help allocate the resources optimally and provide adequate and appropriate infrastructure necessary for this envisaged development. These long term strategies will endeavor to comprehensively encompass physical/spatial, social, economic/fiscal and institutional/organizational dimensions.
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